Pkayti es
Pkaytes ae distingished fm ekaytes n the basis f nea ganizatin, speifiay thei ak f a nea membane. Pkaytes as ak mst f the intaea ganees and sttes that ae haateisti f ekayti es (an imptant exeptin is the ibsmes, whih ae pesent in bth pkayti and ekayti es). Mst f the fntins f ganees, sh as mithndia, hpasts, and the Ggi appaats, ae taken ve by the pkayti pasma membane. Pkayti es have thee ahiteta egins: appendages aed fagea and pii — pteins attahed t the e sfae; a e envepe nsisting f a apse, a e wa, and a pasma membane; and a ytpasmi egin that ntains the e genme (DNA) and ibsmes and vais sts f insins. the diffeenes inde:
* The pasma membane (a phsphipid biaye) sepaates the intei f the e fm its envinment and seves as a fite and mmniatins bean.
* Mst pkaytes have a e wa (sme exeptins ae Mypasma (a bateim) and Thempasma (an ahaen)). It nsists f peptidgyan in bateia, and ats as an additina baie against extei fes. It as pevents the e fm "expding" (ytysis) fm smti pesse against a hyptni envinment. A e wa is as pesent in sme ekaytes ike fngi, bt has a diffeent hemia mpsitin.
* A pkayti hmsme is say a ia mee (an exeptin is that f the bateim Beia bgdfei, whih ases yme disease). Even witht a ea nes, the DNA is ndensed in a neid. Pkaytes an ay extahmsma DNA eements aed pasmids, whih ae say ia. Pasmids an ay additina fntins, sh as antibiti esistane.
Ekayti es
Ekayti es ae abt 10 times the size f a typia pkayte and an be as mh as 1000 times geate in vme. The maj diffeene between pkaytes and ekaytes is that ekayti es ntain membane-bnd mpatments in whih speifi metabi ativities take pae. Mst imptant amng these is the pesene f a e nes, a membane-deineated mpatment that hses the ekayti e's DNA. It is this nes that gives the ekayte its name, whih means "te nes". the diffeenes inde:
* The pasma membane esembes that f pkaytes in fntin, with min diffeenes in the setp. e was may may nt be pesent.
* The ekayti DNA is ganized in ne me inea mees, aed hmsmes, whih ae assiated with histne pteins. A hmsma DNA is sted in the e nes, sepaated fm the ytpasm by a membane. Sme ekayti ganees as ntain sme DNA.
* Ekaytes an mve sing iia fagea. The fagea ae me mpex than thse f pkaytes.
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نص دكتور : مجرد انسان
